References
Association of Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics. (1996). Tongass in transition: Blueprint for a sustainable future. Eugene, OR: author.

Barber, I. K. (1996). The working forests of British Columbia. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour.

Barr, B. M., & Braden, K. E. (1988). The disappearing Russian forest: A dilemma in Soviet resource management. London: Rowman and Littlefield.

Bass, R. (1997, January-February). The heart of the forest. Audubon, 99, 38-49.

Bilby, R. E., Fransen, B. R., & Bisson, P. A. (1996). Incorporation of nitrogen and carbon from spawning coho salmon into the trophic system of small streams: Evidence from stable isotopes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53, 164-173.

Bunnell, F. L., & Chan-McLeod, A. C. (1997). Terrestrial vertebrates. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. 103-130). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Bunnell, F. L. (1995). Forest-dwelling vertebrate faunas and natural fire regimes in British Columbia: Patterns and implications for conservation. Conservation Biology, 9, 636-644.

Cairncross, F. (1991). Costing the earth. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Carstensen, R. (1996). Southeast Alaska. In R. Kirk (Ed.), The enduring forests (pp. 140-169). Seattle: The Mountaineers.

Cederholm, C. J., Houston, D. B., Cole, D. L., & Scarlett, W. J. (1989). Fate of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) carcasses in spawning streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1347-1355.

Clare, E. (1996, Autumn). Clearcut--Brutes and bumper stickers. Orion, 23-27.

Cox, T. R. (1983). Trade, development, and environmental change: The utilization of North America's Pacific coast forests to 1914 and its consequences. In R. P. Tucker & J. F. Richards (Eds.), Global deforestation and the nineteenth-century world economy (pp. 14-29). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Dietrich, B. (1997, February 15). Environmental laws not to blame for timber job losses, says study. The Seattle Times, p. A12.

Durbin, K. (1996). Oregon. In R. Kirk (Ed.), The enduring forests (pp. 42-73). Seattle: The Mountaineers.

Edwards, Y. (1996). British Columbia. In R. Kirk (Ed.), The enduring forests (pp. 106-139). Seattle: The Mountaineers.

Fahnestock, G. R., & Agee, J. K. (1983). Biomass consumption and smoke production by prehistoric and modern forest fires in western Washington. Journal of Forestry, 81, 653-657.

Franklin, J. F. (1981). Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests (General Technical Report PNW-118). Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service.

Franklin, J. F., & Waring, R. (1980). Distinctive features of the northwestern coniferous forest: Development, structure and function. In R. Waring (Ed.), Forests: Fresh perspectives from ecosystem analysis: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Biology Colloquium. Corvalis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

Franklin, J. F. (1993). Preserving biodiversity: Species, ecosystems, or landscapes? Ecological Applications, 3, 202-205.

Fujimori, T. (1971). Primary production of a young Tsuga heterophylla stand and some speculations about biomass of forest communities on the Oregon coast (Research Paper PNW-123). Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service.

Greeley, W. B. (1953). Forest policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Heilpern, N. (1995, November-December). A tree farming family's sense of balance. Forest Log, 65, 16-17, 29.

High Climbing. (1997). [Online]. Available:http://www/aone.com/~robert/ histlog5.html [1997, September 25].

Kimmis, H. (1997). Balancing act--Environmental issues in forestry (2nd ed.). Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia.

Kline, T. C., Goering, J. J., & Mathisen, O. A. (1990). Recycling of elements transported upstream by runs of Pacific salmon I: d15N and d13C evidence in Sashin Creek, southeastern Alaska. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 136-144.

Kline, T. C., Goering, J. J., & Mathisen, O. A. (1993). Recycling of elements transported upstream by runs of Pacific salmon II: d15N and d13C evidence in the Kvichak River watershed, Bristol Bay, southwestern Alaska. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 2350-2365.

Lertzman, K., Spies, T., & Swanson, F. (1997). From ecosystem dynamics to ecosystem management. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. 361-382). Washington, DC: Island Press.

M'Gonigle, M., & Parfitt, B. (1994). Forestopia. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour.

Marchak, M. P., & Franklin, J. F. (1997). Forward. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. ix-xi). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Marchak, M. P. (1995). Logging the globe. Montreal & Kingston, Jamaica: McGill-Queen's University Press.

McCormick, G. (1996, September 18). Reason needed [Editorial]. Forks (Wa.) Forum, p. 4.

McNulty, T. (1996). Washington. In R. Kirk (Ed.), The enduring forests (pp. 74-105). Seattle: The Mountaineers.

Mitchell, J. G. (1997, March). In the line of fire: Our national forests. National Geographic, 191, 58-87.

Moffatt, M. W. (1997, January). Tree giants of North America. National Geographic, 191, 44-61.

Moore, P. (1995). Pacific spirit--The forest reborn. West Vancouver, BC: Terra Bella.

Morgan, M. (1980). The last wilderness. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Nehlsen, W., & Lichatowich, J. A. (1997). Pacific Salmon: Life histories, diversity, productivity. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. 213-226). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Nicolet, J. (1995, January-February). Providing for northern spotted owls in managed forest environment. Forest Log, 64, 4-7.

Norse, E. A. (1990). Ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Olympic National Park Field Guide. (1997). [Online]. Available: http// www.northolympic.com/onp/recordtrees.html [1997, November 13].

Pacific Northwest Research Station (1996, November). Status of the interior Columbia basin: Summary of scientific findings (General Technical Report PNW-GTR-385). Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service.

Pinchot, G. (1947). Breaking new ground. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.

Redwood National & State Parks. (1997). [Online]. Available: http// cin.butte.cc.ca.us/~sbooth/redwoods/redwood.html [1997, November 13].

Robbins, W. G. (1997). "The great raincoast": The legacy of European settlement. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. 313-328). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Salmon, D. K. (1997). Oceanography of the eastern north Pacific. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. 7-23). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Sawyer, J. O., Jr. (1996). Northern California. In R. Kirk (Ed.), The enduring forests (pp. 20-41). Seattle: The Mountaineers.

Schoonmaker, P. K., von Hagen, B., & Wolf, E. C. (1997). Introduction. In P. K. Schoonmaker, B. von Hagen, & E. C. Wolf (Eds.), The rain forests of home (pp. 1-6). Washington, DC: Island Press.

$72,000 makes owl case go away [Editorial]. (1997, January 6). The Seattle Times, p. B3.

Sonner, S. (1997, February 19). Study: Logging on federal land costs taxpayers. White House report at odds with Forest Service numbers. The Seattle Times, pp. A1-A2.

Swan, J. G. The Northwest coast or, three years' residence in Washington territory. 1857. Reprint, with an introduction by Norman H. Clark, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982.

The National Park Service. (1997). [Online]. Available: http// www.nps.gov/olym/edtrees.html [1997, November 13].

Washington Iron Works TL-6 Trakloader. (1997). [Online]. Available: http://www/aone.com/~robert/iron20.html [1997, November 6].

Williams, M. (1988). The death and rebirth of the American forest: Clearing and reversion in the United States, 1900-1980. In J. F. Richards & R. P. Tucker (Eds.), World deforestation in the twentieth century (pp. 211-219). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Williams, M. (1989). Americans and their forests: A historical geography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ye Olde Logging. (1997). [Online]. Available:http://www/aone.com/~robert/histlog.html [1997, September 25].

[ Glossary ] [ Related Links ] [ References ] [ PBL Model ]

[ Home ] [ Teacher Pages ] [ Modules & Activities ]

HTML code by Chris Kreger
Maintained by ETE Team
Last updated November 10, 2004

Some images © 2004 www.clipart.com

Privacy Statement and Copyright © 1997-2004 by Wheeling Jesuit University/NASA-supported Classroom of the Future. All rights reserved.

Center for Educational Technologies, Circuit Board/Apple graphic logo, and COTF Classroom of the Future logo are registered trademarks of Wheeling Jesuit University.